WHITE BAY WATERFRONT, SYDNEY
REGENERATING SYDNEY’S WATERFRONT BIODIVERSITY
REGENERATE - HYBRID QUESTION
How can White Bay become a working urban waterfront, which protects and restores, resilient & sustainable landscape systems, while enriching people’s connection to the waterfront ?
1 2 3 WORKING WATERFRONT BIODIVERSITY & LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS PEOPLES CONNECTION TO WATERFRONT
SYDNEY KEY PLAN 1
KEY FOCUS SITE 2 N
WHITE BAY CRUISE TERMINAL
REGENERATE - PROJECT TIME LINE [KEY PHASES]
1 REMEDIATION OF LAND & LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO REMOVE POST-INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION
DESIGN METHOD - PHYTOREMEDIATION
ABIDING EVENT - BEGINNING OF WHITE BAY METRO STATION & DEVELOPMENT
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF RESILIENT HYDROLOGY SYSTEM (BIOFILTRATION) TO CONTINUE FILTERING POLLUTANTS & CREATE HABITAT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN BIOFILTRATION + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - SOIL TOXICITY REDUCED BY 60%
3 FORMATION OF A THRIVING INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT, THAT PROVIDES HABITAT FOR BOTH NON-HUMAN AND HUMAN SPECIES WITHIN AN WORKING URBAN HARBOUR
DESIGN METHOD - INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT DESIGN
ABIDING EVENT - HEALTHY SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
4 FACILITATE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WITHIN THE LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO FUND THE PROJECT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN DESIGN + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - COMPLETION OF HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
REGENERATE - FUNDAMENTAL SITE ASSETS
HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
EXISTING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
REMEDIATING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM WORKING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
LIMITED LANDSCAPE FUNCTION EXISTING
CATCHMENT AREA = 116 HECTARES
YEARLY VOLUME OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH CONTAMINATED LAND = 372048 KL
REMEDIATING LANDSCAPE
INTERMEDIATE GOAL
FUNCTIONING LANDSCAPE SYSTEM
FUTURE GOAL
HYDROLOGY SYSTEM & EDGES
LEACHES THROUGH SANDSTONE
POLLUTED GROUNDWATER RELEASED TO WHITE BAY, POLLUTING HARBOUR AND MARINE LIFE
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED WITH SOIL TOXINS
RAIN AND SURFACE RUNOFF COLLECTS SURFACE POLLUTANTS
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL
RAIN AND SURFACE RUNOFF INFILTRATES TO CONTAMINATED SOIL
EXISTING SITE SECTION - 1:1000
URBAN RUNOFF
BALMAIN
WHITE BAY WATERFRONT WHITE BAY - SYDNEY HARBOUR
ROBERT STREET
BIRRUNG PARK SANDSTONE CLIFF
WATER EDGE
CLIFF EDGE
REGENERATE - FUNDAMENTAL SITE ASSETS
WATERS EDGE & TIDAL CHANGES
EXISTING WATERS EDGE WEEKLY TIDAL MOVEMENTS 1 TERM 2 STUDIO WORK
REGENERATE - FUNDAMENTAL SITE ASSETS
WATERS EDGE & SEA LEVEL RISE
CURRENT SEA WALL PROTECT SHORE FROM ALL TIDES
WATERTABLE BELOW CONTAMINATED SOIL
SEA WALL UNDER PRESSURE FROM HIGHER TIDES, OFFERING LIMITED SHORE PROTECTION
HIGHER TIDES SEEP THROUGH GROUND UNDERMINING SOIL & BECOMING CONTAMINATED WITH GROUND POLLUTION AS WATERTABLE RISES
SEA LEVEL HIGHER THAN WALL AND BREAKS SHORE LINE AT HIGH TIDE INUNDATING CONCRETE PLATFORM AT EACH HIGH TIDE
SHORE PROTECTION HAS LITTLE TO NO EFFECT
AS SEA LEVEL RISES, THE WATER TABLE RISES WITH IT, CAUSING UP TO 70% INCREASE IN SURFACE RUNOFF (Nuttle, WK & Portnoy, JW 1992)
GROUND WATER IS CONTAMIATED WITH TOXIC SOIL
EXISTING CONTAMINATED SITE - 2021
CATCHMENT --> CONTAMINATION --> HARBOUR
CATCHMENT --> REMEDIATING LANDSCAPE --> HARBOUR
CATCHMENT --> REMEDIATION --> INTER-TIDAL EDGE --> HARBOUR
CATCHMENT --> FILTRATION --> INTER-TIDAL EDGE --> HARBOUR
WATERFRONT PHYTO-REMEDIATION 3 4 CRUISE TERMINAL PRECINCT PHYTO-REMEDIATION MEADOWS ALONG KEY FUTURE DRAINAGE PATHS
1 CAPPED CONTAMINATES ZONE 2 WATERFRONT WALKWAY
3 INTER-TIDAL POOLS CUT INTO CONCRETE
4 FLOATING SHORE PROTECTION BARRIERS
5 CRUISE TERMINAL PRECINCT
6 PHYTO-REMEDIATION MEADOWS ALONG KEY FUTURE DRAINAGE PATHS
REGENERATE - KEY MOVES
KEY MOVE 1
PHYTO-REMEDIATION
KEY MOVE 2 URBAN BIO-FILTRATION
KEY MOVE 3: URBAN INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT
REGENERATE - KEY MOVES
KEY MOVE 2: URBAN FILTRATION
KEY MOVE 1 PHYTO-REMEDIATION
KEY MOVE 2 BIO-FILTRATION
RESIDENTIAL STREET NATIVE RESERVE SWALES & ROCK CUT
KEY MOVE 3: URBAN INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT
BAY SEAWALL FIELD OPERATIONS
STREETS, BUILDINGS & WSUD ELEMENTS WATERFRONT STREET
PLANTING, WSUD INTER-TIDAL ECOLOGY, BIOFILTRATION, PATHWAYS, SEA RISE PROTECTION
URBAN ZONE ROCK EDGE BIRRUNG PARK DONNELLY STREET
ROBERT STREET
ZONE
ZONE
ELLIOTT BAY SEAWALL FIELD OPERATIONS
ELLIOTT BAY SEAWALL FIELD OPERATIONS
HUDSON RIVER GREENWAY
ELLIOTT
REGENERATE - KEY MOVES
STORMWATER COLLECTED INTO PARKLAND AND SLOWLY RELEASED THROUGH SANDSTONE 2
URBAN BI-FILTRATION THROUGH WSUD STREETS FILTERS STORMWATER COLLECTING CONTAMINANTS POLLUTION AND SLOWING WATER SPEED
DURING DRY PERIODS WATER CAN BE STORED IN THE URBAN SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION ETC
SWALES THROUGH STREETS COLLECT & FILTER RUNOFF
SOFT LANDSCAPES OF RAIN-GARDENS SLOW AND STORE WATER IN URBAN AREAS - WATER STORED OVER DRYER PERIODS
NATURAL VEGETATION COLLECTS WATER SLOWLY RELEASES IT TO HARBOR 4
URBAN STORM-WATER COLLECTED ON STREETS RUNOFF FLOW SYSTEM - 1:
ECOLOGICAL ZONE COLLECTS, FILTERS AND SLOWS WATER FLOW BEFORE ENTERING THE HARBOUR
INTER-TIDAL ZONE FILTRATION
INTER-TIDAL SPECIES & TIDAL POOLS OPERATE AS FINAL STAGE OF FILTRATION 4
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
1 REMEDIATION OF LAND & LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO REMOVE POST-INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION
DESIGN METHOD - PHYTOREMEDIATION
ABIDING EVENT - BEGINNING OF WHITE BAY METRO STATION & DEVELOPMENT
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF RESILIENT HYDROLOGY SYSTEM (BIOFILTRATION) TO CONTINUE FILTERING POLLUTANTS & CREATE HABITAT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN BIOFILTRATION + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - SOIL TOXICITY REDUCED BY 60%
3 FACILITATE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WITHIN THE LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO FUND THE PROJECT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN DESIGN + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - COMPLETION OF HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
4 FORMATION OF A THRIVING INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT, THAT PROVIDES HABITAT FOR BOTH NON-HUMAN AND HUMAN SPECIES WITHIN AN WORKING URBAN HARBOUR
DESIGN METHOD - INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT DESIGN
ABIDING EVENT - HEALTHY SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
EXISTING SITE - HIGHLY CONTAMINATED SOIL
PHASE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
- REMEDIATION MEADOWS ALONG KEY DRAINAGE PATHS & WATERFRONT EDGE
- SAFE TO FAIL TESTING OF PHYTO PLANT SPECIES AND MEADOW MIXES
PHASE 2 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
- REMEDIATED DRAINAGE PATHS ALLOW FOR WATER TO FLOW THROUGH THESE CORRIDORS AND RELEASE TO WHITE BAY WITHOUT BECOMING CONTAMINATED WITH TOXIC SOIL POLLUTANTS
- PHYTO-REMEDIATION MEADOWS EXTENDED TO INFILL SPACES BETWEEN DRAINAGE PATHS WHERE NATURAL LAND WILL BE UTILISED
- COMPOSTED MATERIAL FROM STAGE 1 USED TO FORM SOIL FOR PHASE 2
PHYTOREMEDIATION MEADOWS PHASE 1
PHYTOREMEDIATION MEADOWS PHASE 2
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
COMPOSTED MATERIALS ADDED TO SOIL WHERE CONCRETE IS REMOVED
PLANTS PLANTED FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION
PLANTS ABSORB & TREAT CONTAMINANTS
SITE BASED COMPOST USING FUNGI, MICROBES & CHEMICAL ADDITIVES USED TO BREAKDOWN CONTAINMENTS IN PLANT MATERIALS
END OF PLANTS LIFE CYCLE, PLANT REMOVED & COMPOSTED
Contaminates
Source: Phytoremediation Principles — POWER PLANTS PHYTOREMEDIATION,
Juncus usitatus
Common
Casurina trees
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 1 - PHYTO-REMEDIATION
RE-GENERATED LANDSCAPE - 2030 - HUMAN INTERACTION
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 2 - URBAN FILTRATION
1 REMEDIATION OF LAND & LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO REMOVE POST-INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION
DESIGN METHOD - PHYTOREMEDIATION
ABIDING EVENT - BEGINNING OF WHITE BAY METRO STATION & DEVELOPMENT
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF RESILIENT HYDROLOGY SYSTEM (BIOFILTRATION) TO CONTINUE FILTERING POLLUTANTS & CREATE HABITAT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN BIOFILTRATION + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - SOIL TOXICITY REDUCED BY 60%
3 FACILITATE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WITHIN THE LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO FUND THE PROJECT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN DESIGN + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - COMPLETION OF HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
4 FORMATION OF A THRIVING INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT, THAT PROVIDES HABITAT FOR BOTH NON-HUMAN AND HUMAN SPECIES WITHIN AN WORKING URBAN HARBOUR
DESIGN METHOD - INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT DESIGN
ABIDING EVENT - HEALTHY SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 2 - URBAN FILTRATION
URBAN STORM-WATER COLLECTED ON STREETS
STORMWATER COLLECTED INTO PARKLAND AND SLOWLY RELEASED THROUGH SANDSTONE 2
URBAN BI-FILTRATION THROUGH WSUD STREETS FILTERS STORMWATER COLLECTING CONTAMINANTS POLLUTION AND SLOWING WATER SPEED
DURING DRY PERIODS WATER CAN BE STORED IN THE URBAN SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION ETC 3
NATURAL VEGETATION COLLECTS WATER SLOWLY RELEASES IT TO HARBOR 4
INTER-TIDAL ZONE FILTRATION
INTER-TIDAL SPECIES & TIDAL POOLS OPERATE AS FINAL STAGE OF FILTRATION 4
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 2 - URBAN FILTRATION
BUILDING STORMWATER RELEASED TO STREET WSUD SYSTEM TO BE FILTERED & USED TO IRRIGATE SOFT LANDSCAPE
BIRRUNG PARK FORMS AN EXISTING EDGE WHERE WATER IS SLOWED FILTERED AND SLOWLY RELEASED THROUGH SANDSTONE INTO THE WHITE BAY PRECINCT
SWALES COLLECT RUNOFF ALONG STREET EDGES
FLOW THROUGH URBAN STREETS
URBAN RUNOFF DIRECTION
BIOFILTRATION SYSTEMS
STREETS ARE PURPOSED TO COLLECT, FILTER AND SLOW WATER FLOW AS WELL AS FACILITATE MOVEMENT
5 MULTI-USE BUILDINGS PROVIDE INCOME TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT AND CREATE PROGRAMS SUCH AS CAFES, RETAIL AND OFFICES FOR PEOPLE TO USE THE WATERFRONT SITE
KEY RUNOFF PATH
KEY PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY AND POINTS OF INTEREST
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 2 - URBAN FILTRATION
BUILDINGS STORMWATER RELEASED TO STREET BIO-FILTRATION SYSTEM
2 LANE STREET FOOTPATH RAIN-GARDEN & SWALE
RAIN-GARDEN & SWALE FOOTPATH MULTI-USE BUILDING
STREET SECTION -WSUD STREETS - 1100 @ A3
RUNOFF RUNOFF COLLECTION & FILTRATION BUILDING STORMATER
CARREX APPRESSA JUNCUS USITATUS LOMMANDRA LONGIFOLIA DIANELLA CAERULEA CALLISTEMON ELAEOCARPUS RETICULATUS
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 2 - URBAN FILTRATION
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
1 REMEDIATION OF LAND & LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO REMOVE POST-INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION
DESIGN METHOD - PHYTOREMEDIATION
ABIDING EVENT - BEGINNING OF WHITE BAY METRO STATION & DEVELOPMENT
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF RESILIENT HYDROLOGY SYSTEM (BIOFILTRATION) TO CONTINUE FILTERING POLLUTANTS & CREATE HABITAT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN BIOFILTRATION + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - SOIL TOXICITY REDUCED BY 60%
3 FACILITATE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WITHIN THE LANDSCAPE SYSTEM TO FUND THE PROJECT
DESIGN METHOD - URBAN DESIGN + WSUD
ABIDING EVENT - COMPLETION OF HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
4 FORMATION OF A THRIVING INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT, THAT PROVIDES HABITAT FOR BOTH NON-HUMAN AND HUMAN SPECIES WITHIN AN WORKING URBAN HARBOUR
DESIGN METHOD - INTER-TIDAL WATERFRONT DESIGN
ABIDING EVENT - HEALTHY SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY SYSTEM
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
URBAN STORM-WATER COLLECTED ON STREETS
STORMWATER COLLECTED INTO PARKLAND AND SLOWLY RELEASED THROUGH SANDSTONE 2
URBAN BI-FILTRATION THROUGH WSUD STREETS FILTERS STORMWATER COLLECTING CONTAMINANTS POLLUTION AND SLOWING WATER SPEED
DURING DRY PERIODS WATER CAN BE STORED IN THE URBAN SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION ETC 3
NATURAL VEGETATION COLLECTS WATER SLOWLY RELEASES IT TO HARBOR 4
INTER-TIDAL ZONE FILTRATION
INTER-TIDAL SPECIES & TIDAL POOLS OPERATE AS FINAL STAGE OF FILTRATION 4
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
EXISTING WATERFRONT EDGE
CONCRETE EDGE
CURRENT TIDE LEVELS
APPROX 1M TO 1.5M DIFFERENCE IN DAILY TIDES CUT WATERFRONT EDGE
PHYTO-REMEDIATION
CURRENT TIDE LEVELS SEA LEVEL RISE BY 2030 APPROX 0.2M
EMERGING INTER-TIDAL EDGE
PLANTING TO ABSORB SPLASH ZONE WATER ROCK POOLS AND TIDAL ZONES FILL AND EMPTY WITH DAILY TIDES SEPARATED WALKWAY FRO
EMERGENCE OF TIDAL ZONES
EDGE TYPE 1 - ATTACHED TO SHORELINE
PLANTED AREA WITH WSUD ELEMENTS FILTERING RUNOFF
VIEWING PLATFORM & WALKWAY
GROUND WATER SEEPS THROUGH SOIL TO TIDAL EDGE
SURFACE WATER DEPOSITED TO TIDAL EDGE THROUGH PERFORATED PLATFORM
EDGE TYPE 2 - SEPARATE FROM SHORELINE
PLANTING TO ABSORB SPLASH ZONE WATER
ROCK POOLS AND TIDAL ZONES FILL AND EMPTY WITH DAILY TIDES
SEPARATED WALKWAY FRO PEOPLE TO VIEW EDGE PIERS PROVIDE WAVE DISSIPATION FROM BOATS AND HABITAT
CUT EDGE WITH ARTIFICIAL SHORE PROTECTION BLOCKS
TEXTURED DESIGN TO CREATE HABITAT OPPORTUNITY
LONG TERM WATER FILTRATION ENCOURAGES NEW LIFE SUCH AS SEA GRASS TO GROW IN MID DEPTH WATER ON TIDAL EDGE
TIDAL EDGE AS SEA LEVEL REACH 800MM INCREASE
DEEP
WALKWAY WITH TIDAL ZONE UNDER
ELEVATED WALKWAY
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
INSECT HABITAT IN TERRESTRIAL ZONE IN PLANTINGS
FISH HABITAT AMONGST
UNDER WALKWAY TIDAL LANDSCAPE 1
REGENERATE - WORKING HARBOUR
WHITE BAY CRUISE SHIP TERMINAL FOR INTERNATIONAL CRUISE ARRIVALS & DEPARTURES
WAVES FROM BOAT TURBULENCE AND TIDAL MOVEMENTS
WHITE BAY CONTAINER TERMINAL ON GLEBE ISLAND CURRENTLY IN USE FOR SHIPPING AND PORT
FUTURE USE POTENTIALLY FERRIES AND COMMERCIAL SHIPS
REGENERATE - KEY MOVE 3 - INTER-TIDAL EDGE
TOP OF FLOATING STRUCTURES PLANTED WITH GRASSES AND SHRUBS TO CREATE PROTECTED HABITAT FOR BIRDS AND INSECTS, SEPARATED FROM HUMAN INTERACTION
FLOATING STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED OF MULTIPLE LAYERS INCLUDING:
CONCRETE STABILISATION FOR INTER-TIDAL ZONE
CHAIN TETHER FIXED TO CONCRETE STABILIZER
CHAIN CREATE CATALYST FOR MARINE LIFE SUCH AS OYSTERS AND LIMPETS
PROVIDING AN ATTACHMENT POINT
TOP LAYER - SOIL MIDDLE LAYER - AGGREGATE BASE LAYER - BUOYANT BASE STRUCTURE (PONTOON)
OYSTER COMMUNITY FORMS CREATING A NATURAL BARRIER OF OYSTER SHELLS ABSORBING WAVE ENERGY
RAMPED EDGE WITH ROCKERY ABSORBS WAVE ENERGY FROM BOATS & STORM SURGES
PROVIDES INTER-TIDAL HABITAT FOR CRABS AND OYSTERS
PONTOON AND FLOATS ALLOW STRUCTURE TO FLOAT ON TO OF SURFACE ACCORDING TO TIDAL CHANGES
UNDERSIDE OF STRUCTURE PROVIDES HABITAT FOR FISH AND FILTER FEEDERS
FLOATING STRUCTURE EXTENDS BELOW SURFACE LEVEL TO REDUCE UNDER CURRENT FORCE OF WAVES
STRUCTURE TETHERED WITH CHAINS TO ALLOW FOR MOVEMENT WITH TIDAL PATTENS
REGENERATE - MODEL TESTING
AVERAGE HIGH TIDE 2100
2.6M HIGH
AVERAGE LOW TIDE 2100
1.6M HIGH
MODEL TESTING OF FLOATING ISLAND
SEPARATED WALKWAY
INTER-TIDAL ZONE
PLANTED FORESHORE - ABSORBS & BLOKES TIDAL SURGES
SMOOTH WATER BEHIND ISLAND
PLANTED ZONE OF FLOATING STRUCTURE
ROCKERY TO ABSORB WAVE SURGES
ROUGH WATER CAUSED BY WAVE ACTION
WEEDS REACH CONTAMINATED SOIL LAYERPHYTO-REMEDIATION TO BEGIN TO REMOVE THESE CONTAMINATES
WEEDY GRASSES GROWING IN CRACK BETWEEN CONCRETE
CONCRETE PLATFORM
CONTAMINATED SOIL UNDER CONCRETE PLATFORM
PHYTOREMEDIATION TO BE IMPLEMENTED TO RESOLVE THIS ISSUE
EXISTING WATER TABLE
WATER TABLE
INTER-TIDAL EDGE PHASES
REMAINING CONCRETE APRON STRUCTURE CUT TO ALLOW FOR ROOTS TO PENETRATE DEEPER SOIL
PHYTO PLANTING STABILIZES SOIL CONTAMINTS
EXISTING WATER TABLE
CONTAMINATED SOIL PUSHED TO SURFACE WITH RISING WATER-TABLE
WATER TABLE RISERS AS SEA LEVEL RISES
PUSHES CONTAMINANTS CLOSER TO SURFACE
GRASS & SHRUB PLANTING ALONG WATERS EDGE
FILLED ROCKS & BOULDERS IN CUT AREA TO CREATE TIDAL ROCK POOLS
CONCRETE STRUCTURE LEFT OVER FROM CUT INTO SHORE REMAIN TO STABLISE NEW INTER-TIDAL ZONE
AGGREGATE BED FILL TO BASE OF CUT CONCRETE ZONE TO FORM ROCK TEXTURED SURFACE FOR INTER-TIDAL LIFE
FLAT BED FOR SEA GRASS GROWTH IN THE MARINE ZONE
TIDAL ROCK POOLS FOR OYSTERS, CRABS, LIMPETS & OTHER INTER-TIDAL SPECIES
GRASSES & SHRUBS CREATE HABITAT FOR INSECTS LIKE NATIVE BEES AS WELL AS A FINAL LAYER OF FILTRATION BEFORE WATER ENTERS THE INTER-TIDAL ZONE AVERAGE HIGH TIDE 2100
PERFORATED FRP WALKWAY FOR HUMAN ACCESS & TO ALLOW SUNLIGHT THROUGH TO SEAGRASS BED
SEAGRASS BED & FISH HABITAT
CONCRETE ANCHOR FOOTING FOR WAVE DEFENSE & TO STABILISE INTER-TIDAL ZONE
LOW TIDE 2100
SPLASH ZONE INSECT AND PLANT HABITAT 20M WIDE
HIGH TIDE ZONE - ROCK FILL - OYSTER AND CRAB HABITAT
LOW TIDE ZONE - ROCK FILL FISH AND OYSTER HABITAT 10M WIDE
MARINE ZONE - AGGREGATE AND SAND FILL WITH ELEVATED WALKWAY ABOVE HUMAN, SEAGRASS & FISH HABITAT
WIDE
MARINE DEFENSE BLOCK TEXTURED CONCRETE 10M WIDE
REGENERATE - INTER-TIDAL EDGE SPECIES
OYSTER COLONIES BIND TOGETHER TO FORM A BED OF OYSTER SHELLS CREATING A NATURAL BIO-DIVERSE SEA BARRIER AND FILTRATION LAYER
LIMPETS
SYDNEY ROCK OYSTERS
SYDNEY RED BAIT CRAB
SYDNEY FISH SPECIES: - BREAM - BOXFISH - EASTERN STIPEY - GOATFISH - SNAPPER
POLLUTED WATER SUCKED IN BY OYSTER
OYSTER FEEDS ON POLLUTANTS IN WATER & REMOVES THEM FROM WATER
FILTERED WATER RELEASED INTO HARBOUR
